It is ones responsibility to look after the relatives of your clan. Traditionally, the Ojibwe clan system was created to provide leadership and to care for people's needs. This is the time that this person would do ceremonies because at this time she will gain strength and gifts.When you wear your colours, (i.e. When we receive our spirit name, we know how are in Creation. As well as being part of a family of blood relatives, the Ojibwe also belonged to dodems or clans. Consequently, Ojibwa would speak of not only about grandfather (nimishoomis) and grandmother (nookomis), father (noos) and mother (ningashi), and son (ningozis) and daughter (nindaanis), but also would speak of elder brother (nisayenh), younger sibling (nishiimenh), cross-uncle (nizhishenh), parallel-aunt (ninooshenh), male sibling of same gender (niikaanis), female sibling of same gender (niidigikoonh) and sibling of opposite gender (nindawemaa), and cross-cousin of the opposite gender (niinimoshenh), to name only a few. The whole person is worked on. If a Healer needs a powerful medicine for someone, the Healer has to find out how to get it, how to keep and store it, and how it should be used and given. The clan types today are quite extensive, but usually only a handful of odoodeman are found in each of the Anishinaabe communities. Participating tribes will support this activity by showcasing the monthly poster and distributing the cookbook and recipe cards to those who visit their health center or food distribution sites. They taught us, as they had been taught by their elders, how to take care of Mother Earth and each other.We are straying away from the Teachings given to us. google_ad_width = 728; The fish are the scholars and thinkers and are responsible for solving disputes between the crane and the loon. Receiving Your Spirit NameBefore the arrival of the newcomers, Native people had a way of getting their name. The human body has four sections: the arms, legs, trunk and head. 0000001389 00000 n Traditional tobacco is still grown in some communities. The animals were teachers, and the Anishinabek watched carefully. Youre Invited to our Annual Baby Celebration! It is used as an offering for everything and in every ceremony. If a clan is not specifically listed in this teaching, there is a possibility that is part of or descended from one of the seven original clans. Some Healers do doctoring which may involve the extraction of illness. The bear clan is also the medicine people for they know the healing ways of the plants available to them.Deer/Hoof Clan:The Deer or Hoof Clan were known for their kindness, gentle and soft spoken nature like the animals they represent. The Bird Clan were traditionally the teachers and farmers.Marten Clan:The small, agile marten is limber, quick-tempered, ferocious, has quick reflexes and is an excellent hunter. They can be animals, trees, sticks, rocks, fire, water, plants and earth. Read about the clan history of the Ojibwe Nation and the role of the Marten Clan. She helped design and develop the Ziibiwing Center of Anishinabe Culture & Lifeways, proudly served on Tribal Council for multiple terms, repatriated numerous ancestors & their funerary belongings, and was instrumental in establishing the Tribe's Data Governance Board and Data Sovereignty Plan. Healers say that they are continually learning. In recent decades, there has been a dialogue to explore implementing concepts of traditional governance as communities move closer to self-government. Today, there are communities where the traditional ceremonies for the naming of babies are still held as they were for thousands of years.In some communities, children are given their spirit names when they are two, three or four weeks old. All Traditional healing is holistic. When Sweetgrass is used in a healing circle, it has a calming effect. In this way, the Loon Clan is known as the Inside Chief as they are responsible for settling disputes and issues within their home community.Bear Clan:The mother bear protects her cubs with ferocity. If you have a physical problem, it is connected to your spirit. Fred Ackley, Sokoagon/Mole Lake Band, is a member of the Marten Clan and describes the symbol as follows: "That's what the marten do. They will use one or more of the four sacred medicines for smudging. The sky world, including the moon and the other planets, have spirit. TobaccoTraditional people say that tobacco is always first. Bohaker, H. (2010). This may be in the form of an item such as a basket or blanket, or it could be money. When one of them is out of balance, it affects the others. Help is available. Tobacco is meant for that communication between you, the Healer and the Creator. Some doodem indicate non-Ojibwe origins. This social structure is our clan system.Anishinabek family groups were assigned the roles and responsibilities of a particular animal that lived in their region. There is male sage and female sage. They might work with eagle feathers to get to the core of the problem. Bear are police and healers. The Bimaawidaasi group was charged with scouting, hunting and gathering. Like this video? The Pokagon Band today is trying to reclaim the clan system, and revive the knowledge of clans in a contemporary way. Cedar is used in fasting and sweat lodge ceremonies as a form of protection: cedar branches cover the floor of the sweat lodge, and a circle of cedar surrounds the fasters lodge. The ceremony can be simple. The animals agreed that they would take care of the people and show them how to live in harmony with all Creation. Honouring your Name and Colors You need to find a path to honour your spirit name. Clan members draw spiritual strength and guidance from wild marten, particularly their qualities of agility and determination. The Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc. is a 501(C)3 non-profit corporation duly organized under a state charter filed April 16, 1968. The clan system operated as a form of government, a method of organizing work, and a way of defining the responsibilities of each community member. The Marten clan consisted of the hunters, food . We express our gratitude for the help the spirits provide us with through our offering of smoking. Get. Each clan was known by its animal emblem, or totem. This section also describes roles and responsibilities of the Wisconsin American Marten Stakeholders and Science Committees, the Ojibwe tribal . There are some who describe the work they do regarding working with energy, the mind, and the spirit. Howev-er, the gentle, kind, and artistic members of deer clan have vanquished historically. Long ago, before the Anishinabek were placed on Mother Earth, the Creator told all of the animals that humans were coming and they would not be able to provide for themselves. They drum and sing. Since community breakdown following European contact and the removal of Indians westward, the clan systemlike other aspects of native culturehas been nearly lost. Our original traditional way of Anishinabek Governance was based on our dodem (our clan) or our family. The Anishinabek were very thankful for the animals and their generosity. They can be stored in paper bags or wooden boxes. For example, the Mohawk people use a traditional tobacco that they grow themselves, and that is very sacred to them. The information stated is only a small portion of the many and extensive Native Teachings that exist.Teachings vary from First Nation to First Nation and even from one geographic region to another. Helpers can manifest in any form. 0000001410 00000 n Cultural teachings, philosophies, and social dynamics differ greatly from one tribe to another. The five tribes include the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, the Hannahville Indian Community, the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, the Keweenaw Bay Indian Tribe, the Sault Ste. Healing is understood in terms of the spiritual basis of everything. Each Healer has their way and unique gift. Some Healers know and work with the plants through their connection with the spirits of those plants. The outside chief is responsible for negotiating with people from other communities.Loon Clan:The loon dives and sees the happenings inside the water. SOLD, Gicle signed print open edition Dodems. The ceremony may differ from place to place. It is said that a significant amount of healing comes from ourselves because we want to be healed. To make a purchase please send an email to : art@donaldchretien.com. Marriage among members of the same clan is forbidden. /* 728x15 link ad */ Ojibwe winter games can inspire young and old alike to get out and exercise, enjoy the winter, and engage with Ojibwe culture in a meaningful and positive way. 0000001191 00000 n We can also seek our name through the shaking tent ceremony. At a future gathering community members will build on that interest and circulate more information about clans. Among some Ojibwe people, (though not all) the Waabizheshi clan is also used to denote a form of adoption, i.e., a non-native father and Ojibwe mother. The Ojibwe word for clan (doodem) was borrowed into English as totem. The cause of the condition is addressed. You'll love the game. It can also include other healing ceremonies that we participate in under the guidance of Healers and conductors, such as the sweat lodge, the shaking tent, the sun dance, the fast and the vision quest. Tribal tattoo art They see our life, our future and who we are, and when we offer tobacco to them, they can guide us.Elders and Healers say that when your spirit comes to this world, your name and your colors follow you to the spirit door. You can not have WISDOM without LOVE, RESPECT, BRAVERY, HONESTY, HUMILITY, and TRUTH. From the discussion it was clear that the community would like more information about Potawatomi clans and their roles and responsibilities. Website Developed By: Balance Interactive Studios, Learn more about the importance of American marten to the Ojibwe people. All of these are part of our First Family, the natural world. For example, the Crane Clan may have been the Heron Clan. name. 0000005435 00000 n Catfish, Loon, Bear, Marten, Wolf, Reindeer, Merman, Pike, Lynx, Eagle, Rattlesnake, Moose, Black Duck , Sucker, Goose, Sturgeon, White Fish, Beaver, Gull, and Hawk. Food would be placed on a blanket on the floor. The Baby hears and understands.In some Longhouse traditions, a clan name is given to a child. American marten Photo by Erwin & Peggy Bauer, Learn more about the cultural importance of marten to the Ojibwe and the cultural importance of Biboon to the Lake Superior Ojibwe. My hope is that others will not only appreciate the beautiful materials but will also enjoy the health-giving benefits offered through traditional foods within our Anishinaabek inspired recipesTo view the cooking videos and other ACS resources, please visit the Inter-Tribal Council of Michigans Anishinaabek Cooking Resources webpage at: http://www.itcmi.org/anishinaabek-cooking-resources/ *Funding and support for the ACR materials were made possible by the National Walmart Foundation and the Michigan Health Endowment Fund. Anishinaabe Toodaims: Contexts for politics, kinship, and identity in the Eastern Great Lakes. Female marten are able to postpone giving birth for more than seven . Knowledge gained through experience and interactions with the Spirits and other clan members is passed down and built upon through generations. Other than Waabizheshi, these include the Ogiishkimanisii-doodem (Kingfisher Clan) and Ma'iingan-doodem (Wolf Clan) for Dakota and Migizi-doodem (Eagle Clan) for Americans. Tobacco is the first plant that the Creator gave to Native people. The marten clan is the clan of the warriors. Box 180 The spirits wait for you to come to them for a name. The five original Anishinaabe totems were Wawaazisii (bullhead), Baswenaazhi (echo-maker, i.e., crane), Aan'aawenh (pintail duck), Nooke (tender, i.e., bear) and Moozwaanowe ("little" moose-tail). Cranes and loons are leaders, playing two different roles. Among some Ojibwe people, (though not all) the Waabizheshi . Counselling Counseling is an intrinsic part of all Healing, but there are Healers whose particular gift is to use words to heal. It is a time of reflection.TEACHINGS ON THE MOONTIMEIn the past, when a young woman had her first moon time her aunts or grandmothers would take her to a small lodge where she would be close to the natural world. https://www.kbichealth.org/ojibwe-medicine. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, Anishinaabe giizisoo-mazinaigan for 2020. We need to make sure that Mother Earth and everything the Creator gave her will always be here for future generations. Sage Sage is used to preparing people for ceremonies and teachings. The Bird Clan were traditionally the teachers and farmers.Marten Clan:The small, agile marten is limber, quick-tempered, ferocious, has quick reflexes and is an excellent hunter. There are four parts to morning, four parts to the afternoon, four parts to the evening and four parts to the night. The Hoof Clan were responsible for looking after the social aspects of the community including ceremonies and celebrations.Bird Clan:The bird can fly high in the sky observing the world at great distances. When you provide tobacco to a plant and explain why you are there, that plant will let all the plants in the area know why you are coming to pick them. They are expected to lead by behaviour and by the responsibilities they possess. Some Elders use a Pipe to call for the Name and Clan. This knowledge is no longer widespread and many of the illnesses that our communities are faced with today were not seen in the past. Traditionally, clansgroups of familieswere what governed the tribal community. In addition the complexity wanes as one goes away from the speaker's immediate generation, with some degree of complexity retained with female relatives (for example, ninooshenh is 'my mother's sister' or 'my father's sister-in-law'i.e., my parallel-auntbut also 'my parent's female cross-cousin'). Like the mother bear, the Bear Clan is responsible for protecting their people. . The tobacco can be in any form. The Fish clan spawned the Sucker clan and the Turtle Clan. For my health, my loved ones, & my traditions: We have to take care of Aki (Mother Earth) or we will not have a home. There were seven original clans. There are similarities to all healing practices, but each Healer has their way and medicines that they work with. ribbons) it is considered the Good Life which keeps you straight and walking in a good way. The Lynx Dodem is a sub-clan of the Marten Dodem. There are other totems considered rare today among the Ojibwe because the . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Your family gives out gifts to the people and everyone enjoys the feast you have Prepared.Often you will have three or, four sponsors. Fax: 705-497-9135 Visit http://www.itcmi.org/to learn more about the agency. Some may go on fasts or on a vision quest where their gifts and their responsibilities are revealed and explained to them by the spirits. Indigenous language It opens up the door to allow that communication to take place. A Healer can be given his or her direction of how to take care of the people through dreams and visions. They prefer older forests, coniferous trees and canopies, or complex structures, along the forest floor where they can nest. zg.^*@. The fish are the scholars and thinkers and are responsible for solving disputes between the crane and the loon. They became known as master strategists in planning the defense of their people. In the Mi'kmaq tribe, Marten has an especially important meaning as the first animal to give himself up as food to the human race; as a reward for his sacrifice, the culture hero Glooskap resurrected Marten and adopted him as his brother. If a person seeks help for an ulcer, it is not only the ulcer that is treated. Marten Clan (Waabizheshi dodem) - Warriors The people of the Marten Clan were hunters, food gathers and warriors. Indian medical herbs It is held either on the FullMoon or two days before or after the Full Moon, depending on the teachings given to the women in a particular community. The seven we looked at were marten, loon, crane, bear, sturgeon, hoof and bird clans. The abilities of some Healers are said to be their birthright, and these individuals start training and working at an early age. Crane Clan:The crane stands in the water observing the world above the water line. Of Health & Human Services102 N. Superior AvenueBaraga,MI 49908, Seven Sacred Teachings: Nizhwaaswi Gagiikwewin, Native Teachings and Spiritual Gatherings, http://www.itcmi.org/anishinaabek-cooking-resources/. Martens were extirpated from much of their historic range in the continental United States in the Each Grandfather gave him a great gift. Why Having a Spirit Name is Important? Marie and Madeline Island, and were some of the more powerful chiefs encountered by the first French explorers of Lake Superior. Required fields are marked *. Your email address will not be published. If we dont practice honesty, we cheat. trailer << /Size 67 /Info 45 0 R /Root 49 0 R /Prev 55338 /ID[<8c685a5a00ab20a84525e066221faf58><1cf14084642fa43d2b7511375d4b9a0a>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 49 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 47 0 R /Metadata 46 0 R /OpenAction [ 51 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 44 0 R /StructTreeRoot 50 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20020529120757)>> >> /LastModified (D:20020529120757) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /ClassMap 6 0 R /RoleMap 8 0 R /K 36 0 R /ParentTree 39 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 2 >> endobj 65 0 obj << /S 45 /L 98 /C 114 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 66 0 R >> stream Some communities have seers who it is said can see backward and forwards. Today, six general totems compose this framework. Though today the Bear Clan has all merged into a single clan known as Nooke, at one time the Bear was the largest so large, in fact, that it was sub-divided into body parts such as the head (Makoshtigwaan or 'bear-skull'), the ribs and the feet (Nookezid or 'tender-foot'), as well as different types of bears such as the Waabishki-makwa or 'white black bear' and the Mishimakwa or 'grizzly bear'. The teachings shared in the Kinoomaagewin Mzinigas (Little Teaching Books)may be presented differently in other areas. The Moon is called Grandmother Moon, and great respect is paid her.RECOGNITION OF THE MOON IN THE CALENDARThe cycles of the moon determine our yearly calendar. When we make an offering of tobacco, we communicate our thoughts and feelings through the tobacco as we pray for ourselves, our family, relatives, and others. For example, they will let you know whether you may receive treatment after having chemotherapy. SweetgrassSweetgrass is the sacred hair of Mother Earth. For example, the Crane Clan may have been the Heron Clan. Sage is used for releasing what is troubling the mind and for removing negative energy. ple, the Marten clan are skilled warriors & peace keepers. They are also advisers to the Chief Clans. Clan members draw spiritual strength and guidance from wild marten, particularly their qualities of agility and determination. Three other plants, sage, cedar, and sweetgrass, follow tobacco, and together they are referred to as the four sacred medicines. The help that they give is credited to the spirit that they have, the Creator, and the spirit helpers who come in many forms to assist them. For example: Makwa dodemaag (Bear clan) played a role in the health and security of our community. The bear clan provided most of those who participated in the Bad River Train Blockade. Like the Eagle, the bird is known to be closest to the creator as they are part of the sky world and can access his/her wisdom. When the Maandawe were defeated in a major battle between the Ojibwe and the Meshkwahkihaki peoples, the surviving Maandawe were adopted as part of the Ojibwa nation, but instead as the Waabizheshi-doodem (Marten clan). A Clan Woman who takes care of the names of her clan chooses a name that suits the character of a child.It is never too late to get your spirit name and colors. . The Loon was gimaa for internal governance addressing administrative matters. [4], The word odoodem is a dependent noun. When speaking of one own doodem, the Anishinaabe would say nindoodem(-ag) ('my clan(s)'), gidoodem(-ag) ('your clan(s)') for addressees and odoodeman ('his/her clan(s)') for others. responsibilities of this clan were given to me, by a Chi Akiwenzii, (Learned old man), Jim Windigo from Nickouseamanakaning, a community outside of Fort Frances, Ontario. There has been considerable dialogue and knowledge sharing around the concepts of traditional Anishinabek Governance. We must go back to the knowledge that theSeven Grandfathers taught the First Elder, who then passed the Teachings on to the next generation, and so on.The Seven Grandfather Teachings will remind us how to treat one another and our children. The crane and loon clan were the chiefs of the tribe. Engage in some traditional Ojibwe winter games. The moose are craftsman and artists. See how a changing winter climate is affecting one winter cultural tradition: Tourist Trap- How summer saved a ski hill. Healers and Medicine People prescribe medicines specifically for an individual. P.O Box 711 Clans. anga@anishinabek.ca, 1 Migizii Miikan Members of the Marten Clan carry these characteristics and as a result are the strategists, warriors, and builders within their community.Fish Clan:The fish watch the sky and have the knowledge of the sun, stars, and moon. The Baswenaazhi group were traditionally charged with outgoing International communications. The animals kept their word and provided the people with all they needed to survive. Tobacco has a unique relationship with other plants: it is said to be the primary activator of all the plant spirits. 2023 Donald Chretien | First Nation Artist We reserve copyright in this material which may not be reproduced in any format. Taking care of the Medicines You take care of these sacred medicines by keeping them in a dry place. Before European contact, Anishinabek did not use family names their clan identity served this purpose. google_ad_client = "pub-8872632675285158"; The Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan surpassed its goal of creating a monthly set of Anishinaabek Cooking Resources (ACR) in 2021 and recently distributed hot off the press cookbooks, recipe cards, and posters to tribes that participated in its former Walmart Healthy Native Food and MI Tribal Food Access projects. When all the clans played their roles and worked together, it made for a healthy tribal nation. We can identify ourselves when we communicate with the minds of each thing in Creation. The agency represents all twelve federally recognized tribes in Michigan. }6}|?Gvi$(fbY9[]"m_N0"/7 ICX~BGxo93H}%xUes~}&w'BjT>! fzo'QF1Q^H`sr@xSPxa<>Dt-cHh;E++lJ0j0,s *|S,Y@fF|LoEc b90ow1Ltf=5{;TYl*,d]b,vT>w$\u]@4K^t* Lk=9M#[g'YB eBT-a}vrng0v"uMe;Ek!l8oiHothe }3[MDrTHB3u_RI mp?sm6)QHgPl`%Ddz5QIq9lw-$,vgOg(G @{ Lz^{AFZbOd7y;}euaF^xhN _RR@Cwkq*KxU;%4P@]?l ^JXlK"0WP(9> M~U"-8{8 n/ MEDICINE PEOPLE Some Healers are called Medicine People because they work with the plant medicines. The Marten Clan spawned the Otter Clan and the Beaver Clan. It is said that tobacco sits in the eastern door, sweetgrass in the southern door, sage in the West and cedar in the north. Marten Clan: The small, agile marten is limber, quick-tempered, ferocious, has quick reflexes and is an excellent hunter. Each clan would host a ceremony at different times of the year, and who hosted depended on the animal they represented. These can be monthly with the moon cycle or four times a year, at the changing of the seasons, or once a year. Anishinaabe Dodemaag (the Clan System) For the Ojibwe people, every clan had representation at community gatherings and within vital decision making. "I don't know how big of an animal they would take on but they . Toll Free: 1-833-297-9850 She is also cunning and knowledgeable about the plants of the forest. In meeting others, the traditional greeting among the Ojibwe peoples is "What is your doodem?" Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Nindoodemag: The Significance of Algonquian Kinship Networks in the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 16001701, Aboriginal totem signatures, the Great Peace of Montreal, 1701, DEEDS / NATIONS Directory of First Nations Individuals in South-Western Ontario 1750 - 1850, https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/doodem-nad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anishinaabe_clan_system&oldid=1142228454, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 06:04. There are seven original clans: Crane, Loon, Bear, Fish, Marten, Deer and Bird. The plants, the trees, the water, the wind, the rocks and the mountains have spirit. 0000045548 00000 n 0000002425 00000 n Talk to the Healer or Elder explaining why you have come to them. The Anishinaabe, like most Algonquian-speaking groups in North America, base their system of kinship on clans or totems. Sky clans like bird clan and thunder clan were the intellectuals and spiritual teachers; their ability to oversee a long term project step by step aided community planning. This familiarity with the healing properties of the plants that grew around us was empowering. Healers and Medicine People work in a variety of ways. In fiction, the police officers in the novels of Louise Erdrich come from the bear clan. If a clan is not specifically listed in this teaching, there is a possibility that is part of or descended from one of the seven original clans. Healers say that the spirit force of a plant directs them to the plant to use for an individual. They always express their sincere gratitude for the healing powers of everything that the Creator has put here and for the spirits that do the healing. $30.00, NOTE:Our eCommerce is currently not working. A woman can sit on the ground and ask Grandmother Moon to replenish her body with new energy. Everything in Creation has a name. The bear clan is also the medicine people for they know the healing ways of the plants available to them.Deer/Hoof Clan:The Deer or Hoof Clan were known for their kindness, gentle and soft spoken nature like the animals they represent. Other sources . Cathy Edgerly, ITCM, said My role as the Program Manager of the Anishinaabek Cooking Resources initiative has been tremendously gratifying. The clans, based mainly on animals, were instrumental in traditional occupations, intertribal relations, and marriages. Clan membership is an important part of our Anishinabek identity along with our spirit name. When the Maandawe were defeated in a major battle between the Ojibwe and the Meshkwahkihaki peoples, the surviving Maandawe were adopted as part of the Ojibwa nation, but instead as the Waabizheshi-doodem ('Marten clan'). Anishinabek Governance is restoring our traditional ways. Female marten are able to postpone giving birth for more than seven months. To learn the teachings, colors, songs, and dances about your particular clan, we suggest that you consult with an elder from your community.The Clan System for most Indigenous cultures was traditionally a form of governance for the people. 0000005719 00000 n It is said that people of the Bear Clan are short tempered and live on the outside of the village to ensure the safety of the gentler clans inside the village. Some Healers are specialists in treating certain illnesses. Also, when looking deeper into the oral history of our Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed. Water clans like turtle clan and fish clan were responsible for caring for earth and water, making sure natural resources were in harmony with the people. Because the crane observes the outside world the Crane clan is known as the Outside Chief. For example, it can be one cigarette from a pack, it can be a pack of cigarettes, it can be a pouch of tobacco, or it can be loose tobacco wrapped in a small square of cloth (called a tobacco tie). They have a gift to heal through spiritual powers which come from the Creator and their spirit helpers and from within themselves. Through these observations, the Anishinabek organized their communities based on the relationships they saw the animals around them. One plant may have five or six different methods. part because it is identified as a clan animal (Benton-Banai 1988). It was something that belonged to the community. Virtual Book Discussion:There There by Tommy Orange, Your Government (Pokagon Citizen Section). For the Potawatomi, at least 15 different totems were recorded. Since the first sustained contact by the Anishinaabe with the United States was through government officials, the symbol of the American eagle was taken for a clan marker. Some Healers describe their way of working as working with energy, the mind, and the spirit.
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