The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 A storm sweeps them to the Bahamas, where they are not allowed to disembark; Ivn is attacked by sharks and eventually bleeds to death in the boat; and toward the end of the journey, Isabels pregnant mother goes into labor. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. eNotes.com Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. The summary is broken up into approximately 50-page blocks. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. Mahmouds father arranges for a smuggler to take them to the island of Lesbos, in Greece. The novel begins with the story line of twelve-year-old Josef, a Jewish boy in Germany. Refugee Characters. Equally real are the events of 1994 depicted in the novel. Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. Empathy and Social Responsibility. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. Braving extremely choppy and shark-infested waters, the two families make the ninety-mile run to Florida. The two families face much peril in the Florida straits: giant tankers, a hurricane that blows them off course, running out of fuel and water, deadly sharks, and Mami's going into labor all while trying to avoid the U.S. Coast guard so that they can make it to shore where they can claim asylum. Like everyone else during the Holocaust, he was scarred, both emotionally and physically. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Aboard the St. Louis, Josefs family and the other passengers, all Jewish refugees, are treated well by Captain Schroeder and most of the ships crew. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. 20% Lito, Isabels grandfather, allows himself to be deported so that the Fernandezes can make it to Florida. Ed. After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. Fast paced, insightful, filled with drama and tension. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. For one, fiction enables the reader to inhabit history in a way that textbooks and newsprint cannot accommodate. From the outset, Gratz places readers in the middle of the action and immediately demonstrates the cruelty of the Nazis against the Jews. Yet this episode also shows how Ruthie has been able to retain some of her innocence and childhood as she plays, which only showcases Josefs comparative maturity when he refuses. The author can choose to leave the storyboard public or mark it as Unlisted. How does each of the characters experience the feeling of fear inRefugeeby Alan Gratz? Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. His selflessness is made evident when he sacrifices his own life for his sister's. Josef later dies in a concentration camp. The Nazis invade France just a few months after Josefs family arrives there. The second is the date of And why do children lead the novels action? Word Count: 1329. Thus, the waters are deceptive for Josef, as is proved when the St. Louis is turned back from the Cuban shore. Usually, Im not interested in history, but I couldnt put this book down. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. What are some of the themes, symbols and motifs present in the novel? The novel follows the stories of three refugee children in three different geographic locations and points in time. This is an engaging tale. This is a fascinating tale. What can you learn about the people and the time period from these allusions? Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Free trial is available to new customers only. With Storyboard That, you can create a wide variety of storyboards such as the story from the main character's perspective, or any other character's point of view. Lito, Isabels grandfather, also joins them. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. All storyboards are private and secure to the portal using enterprise-class file security hosted by Microsoft Azure. Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. It tells the story of three refugee children and their families in different times and places. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Already a member? Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Word Count: 1050. Josef goes to find his sister but when he comes back his father is gone. All three families make their asylum-seeking journeys on boats through perilous waters. If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. Josef: Train to Hamburg - 1939, 1 day Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis After school, Mahmoud, Waleed, and their mother, Fatima, do their usual afternoon prayer. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Refugee. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Some novels are engaging and some novels are important. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. REFUGEE braids three different stories of young refugees. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. Despite his father's absence, Josef is pleased to see 100 men gathered to perform the ritual with him. No one else can view anything. Before long, the raft capsizes, and the family stays alive by floating in the frigid water, their counterfeit life jackets refusing to work. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The frequent dangers that surround the boat underline the fragility of hope in the life of the novels asylum-seekers. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. He and his family try to escape to Cuba on the. Though the three stories are historically discrete at first glance, they are linked by the fates of Ruth, Lito, and the Bisharas. In the book "Games at Twilight", what details do you notice that show this story is not taking place in the United States? What is a conflict in the book Refugee by Alan Gratz? Comment on the use of imagery in "Games at Twilight.". PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. They will also appear in Google search results. As the starving populace rioted against dictator Fidel Castros police, Castro allowed Cubans to flee to the United States, thus ending the riots in effect. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. Dont have an account? Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. Faced with her father being sent to prison, Isabel and her family (her pregnant Mami, Papi, and grandfather Lito) decide to band together with Isabel's best friend Ivan and his family, the Castillos. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Already a member? In Cuba in 1994, eleven-year-old Isabel Fernandez lives a life of poverty and uncertainty in the middle of civil strife. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. Teachers and parents! SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. LitCharts Teacher Editions. As a narrative device, this has the effect of accentuating the perils of unusual transcontinental journeys, which the reader is habituated to consider in terms of air travel. Teachers may opt to lower the security if they want to allow sharing. Meeting Aaron at Hamburg, Josef is shocked to see his once-confident father visibly anxious and harrowed. Josef and his sister Ruthie are just children, and yet they are needlessly abused by the soldiers. (read more from the Pages 164 - 215 Summary) More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). A large part of the novels narrative focuses on boats, which represent tenuous hope. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Refugee is a New York Times bestselling historical fiction novel. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Interestingly, the stories are also tied together through the symbolism of water and boats. Chapter 34 Summary: "Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939" Aboard the MS St. Louis, the passengers give a hero's welcome to Officer Padronthe policeman who rescued Josef's father from the water. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Mahmoud Bisharas story is the most recent: he and his family live in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015 and escape to Germany. Further, children are made heroes in Refugee precisely because children should not, ideally, have to be heroes. publication online or last modification online. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. Josef is loyal, compassionate, paternal, and selfless. Summary This section starts with Josef's perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, "8 days from home" (74). In 1938, his home is raided by Nazi storm troopers, and his father is taken to the Dachau concentration camp. Water becomes the agent of change in each of these cases, emphasizing the centrality of adapting to survival. However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmouds strands begin to converge. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. publication online or last modification online. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. His mother gives the sailor their tickets and they board the boat. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. Josef Landau. Mahmoud learns to shed his anonymity and turn more decisive as his raft flounders in the Mediterranean. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. At only 13, Josef takes on much of the family's responsibilities. For Aaron, it represents a metaphorical death, as he disappears into the water and subsequently out of Josefs life. Each child experiences traumatic losses and personal victories as they struggle to escape the political instability of their homelands. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Storyboarding is an incredibly powerful tool for educators because it helps students process and understand the information in a deep, meaningful way. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. "Refugee - Analysis" eNotes Publishing Alan Gratzs novel Refugee (2017) illuminates the worldwide refugee crisis through the stories of three children fleeing possible death with their families in different times and places. The last date is today's Pam Muoz Ryan, author of Echo and Esperanza Rising. You're awesome. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. The elderly woman Mahmoud meets is Ruth, Josefs younger sister. However, because the number of people fleeing Cuba was enormous, the US government was extremely ambiguous about granting them asylum, placing the refugees in a very precarious position. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. Teachers and parents! This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Heartrendingly, Josef notes that he and Ruthie never want to leave the St. Louis, the first place they have been treated as human beings in a long while. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. . The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. 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Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 19 days (2). His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. Writing of the Syrian crisis, he notes. Isabels best friend and neighbor, Ivn, is building a small boat with his father so that his family can flee to America. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Thus, Gratz presents the stark reality of the perils of such a passage. What are some ways we can all help. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Just when Miami becomes visible on the horizon, a U.S. Coast Guard boat tries to intercept the two families. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. Subscribe now. Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. date the date you are citing the material. But for each of them, thereis always the hope of tomorrow. St. Louis, a ship taking Jewish refugees to Havana, Cuba. A stunning, poignant novel about the plight of refugees Grade A. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Filled with both tragic loss and ample evidence of resilience, these memorable and tightly plotted stories contextualize and give voice to current refugee crises, Exceptional readers Michael Goldstrom, Kyla Garcia, and Assaf Cohen tackle Gratzs compelling novel. Trauma and. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Young readers will finish this book and ask: What should we do? Purchasing Josef warns his father that he must . Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. Complete your free account to request a guide. Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. Frau Rosenberg takes Mahmoud aside and tells him the story of her childhood: she is Ruth, Josefs sister. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Struggling with distance learning? Josef, his sister Ruth, and his mother all travel to Hamburg to board a ship that will take them to Cuba. date the date you are citing the material. In the end, these three stories are connected. 2023 . They walk to the ship and their father races inside, convinced the authorities will try to stop them. You can view our. Eventually, the rest of the family is rescued by the Greek Coast Guard and taken to Lesbos, where the coast is littered with the bodies of Syrian refugees who drowned in transit. In the end, these three stories are connected. A passing, overcrowded boat cannot accommodate all of them, but at Mahmouds insistence, a woman onboard agrees to take Hana. The night that they were captured in France, Josef volunteered to be taken by the Nazis; both Josef and their mother were killed in concentration camps. Instant PDF downloads. The St. Louis could not save Josef, just as the Castillos boat could not save Ivn. Please wait while we process your payment. Josef Landau, from the book Refugee, is a 13 year old boy born into the life of World War 2. Source (s) Refugee Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. But Captain Schroeder recognizes the necessity of keeping those hopes alive, and so continues to conceal that there may be trouble when they reach Cuba. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. (He is Officer Padron from Josefs story.) You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. After a riot in Havana, Isabels family decides that they should also leave Cuba immediately. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. His father, Aaron, is taken away by the Nazis on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp. In one, Josef and his Jewish family flee Nazi Berlin in 1938. The second date is today's Chapter 1 Summary: "Josef: Berlin, Germany1938". Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. The third story belongs to thirteen-year-old Mahmoud Bishara, who lives in war-torn Aleppo, Syria, against the backdrop of a crisis which continues into the present day. In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? In 1938 Berlin, a 12-year-old Jewish boy named Josef is awakened by the sound of Hitler's Brownshirts breaking into his family's apartment. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. eNotes.com Log in here. Once a beautiful, thriving city, Aleppo is now a bombed shell of its former self. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Josefs father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. on 50-99 accounts. Plus, our printable worksheets make it easy to take the fun offline. Like Josef, Isabel too has to grow up overnight in the face of uncertainty and assume the mantle of the adult of the family. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Josef is 12 years old at the beginning of the book, living in Nazi Germany in 1938, where Jewish people like Josef are treated as "subhuman" and second-class citizens. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the bombing of their apartment building.